ONLY BLUE PARTS CAN BE VIEWED
Foreword
1 West Migration ...............................................................................
1.1. History ....................................................................................................
1.2. Trading posts .............................................................................................
1.3. Overland trails ............................................................................................
1.4. Ocean .....................................................................................................
1.5. Outstanding facts.........................................................................................
1.6. States and territories ...................................................................................
2 West Regions .................................................................................
2.1. The Plains ................................................................................................
2.2. The North/Central .......................................................................................
2.3. The Great Basin ..........................................................................................
2.4. The Southwest ............................................................................................
2.5. The California ............................................................................................
2.6. The Northwest ...........................................................................................
3 West Wars ....................................................................................
3.1. Indian wars ...............................................................................................
3.2. Civil war ...................................................................................................
3.3. Mexican war ..............................................................................................
3.4. The Cart wars ............................................................................................
3.5. Range Wars & Fence Cutting Wars .....................................................................
4 The Trails .....................................................................................
4.1. The Northern trails ......................................................................................
4.1.1 The Overland Oregon Trail
4.1.2 The Montana trails
4.1.2.1 The Bozeman and Bridger trails
4.1.2.2 The Montana trail
4.1.2.3 Local Montana trails to gold fields and towns
4.1.3 The Northern Overland Route
4.2. The California trails ......................................................................................
4.2.1 The Overland California trail
4.2.2 The Applegate trail
4.2.3 Trails to golds fields and towns
4.3. The Southern trails ......................................................................................
4.3.1 The Santa Fe/Southern trail
4.3.2 The Old Spanish trail
4.3.3 The Beale Wagon Road
4.3.4 El Camino Real de Tierra AdentroTrail
4.3.5 The Gila trail
4.3.6 The Apache Pass Trail
4.3.7 The Lower and Upper Emigrants Roads
4.3.8 Fort Smith – Santa Fe trail
4.3.9 Fort Smith – El Paso trail
4.4. The Central trails ........................................................................................
4.4.1 The Mormon trail
4.4.2 The Cherokee trail
4.4.3 The Smoky Hill Trail
4.4.4 The Republican Fork Trail
5 Settlers .......................................................................................
5.1. Relationship with Indians ................................................................................
5.2. Wagon trains .............................................................................................
5.3. Land Acquisition ..........................................................................................
5.4. Daily life ..................................................................................................
5.5. Miners .....................................................................................................
5.6. Farmers ...................................................................................................
5.7. Livestock farmer .........................................................................................
5.8. Cow-boys and horses ....................................................................................
5.9. The justice ...............................................................................................
5.10. The religions .............................................................................................
6 Towns & Mines ................................................................................
6.1. Towns ......................................................................................................
6.2. Famous Rushes & Mines...................................................................................
6.2.1 Sutter’s Mill Gold Rush, California (1848/1849)
6.2.2 Rogue River Valley Gold Rush, Southern Oregon (1851)
6.2.3 Colville river Gold Rush, Washington (Frazer River, Canada) (1855/1857)
6.2.4 Pike’s Peak gold rush, Colorado (1858/1861)
6.2.5 Virginia City (Comstock Lode), Nevada (1859)
6.2.6 Silverton, Colorado (1861 then 1874)
6.2.7 Idaho city, Boise Basin, Idaho (1862)
6.2.8 Bannack Grasshopper Creek, Montana (1862)
6.2.9 Virginia City Alder Gulch, Montana (1863)
6.2.10 Silver City, Idaho (1864)
6.2.11 Helena Last Chance Gulch, Montana (1864)
6.2.12 South Pass, Wyoming (1867)
6.2.13 Silver City, New Mexico (1870)
6.2.14 Deadwood gulch, South Dakota (1874)
6.2.15 Leadville, Colorado (1877)
6.2.16 Bodie, California (1876)
6.2.17 Tombstone, Arizona (1877)
6.2.18 St Elmo, Colorado (1878)
7 Mails, Passengers, Goods & Banking Services ..............................................
7.1. History ....................................................................................................
7.2. Mail, Stage & Freight routes ............................................................................
7.2.1 Overland lines
7.2.1.1 The Southern route: St Louis/Memphis - San Francisco (1858-1861)
7.2.1.2 The Northern route: St Joseph – Salt lake City - San Francisco (1858)
7.2.1.3 New-York - New-Orleans - Isthmus of Panama – California (1848)
7.2.1.4 York – Fort Vancouver (?-?)
7.2.2 Main local lines
7.2.2.1 Independance/Kansas City – Santa Fe (1850)
7.2.2.2 Leavenworth - Denver (1859-1868)
7.2.2.3 Atchison - Denver (1865-1870)
7.2.2.4 Denver – Pueblo – (Trinidad) - (Santa Fe) (1867)
7.2.2.5 Cheyenne – Deadwood (1876-1886)
7.2.2.6 Neosho - Albuquerque (1858-1859)
7.2.2.7 Salt-lake City – Boise - WallaWalla/Umatilla – The Dalles (1864)
7.2.2.8 Salt lake City - Virginia City (1864)
7.2.2.9 Salt lake City – Bannack City (1864)
7.2.2.10 Virginia City – Helena (1865)
7.2.2.11 Fort AberCrombie – Helena (1867-1868)
7.2.2.12 Sacramento - Portland (1861)
7.3. Famous Express Companies ..............................................................................
7.3.1 Hudson's Bay Company (1825-1854)
7.3.2 The U.S. Mail Steamship Company (1848)
7.3.3 Chorpenning & Woodward Cie (1851-1860)
7.3.4 Hockaday & Company (1858-1859)
7.3.5 Leavenworth & Pike's Peak Express Company (1859-1860)
7.3.6 Russell, Majors and Waddell company (1854-1862)
7.3.7 Central Overland California and Pike’s Peak Express (1859-1862)
7.3.8 Pony Express (1860-1861)
7.3.9 The Holladay Overland Mail and Express Company (1858-1866)
7.3.10 The Butterfield Overland Mail Company (1858-1860)
7.3.11 Wells, Fargo & Co (1852)
7.3.12 Barlow & Sanderson Company (1862-1884)
7.3.13 A. J. Oliver & Co’s Bannack & Salt Lake Express Company (1862-1866)
7.3.14 Butterfield Overland Despatch Company (1865-1866)
7.3.15 Frank Yates and Company (1876-1886)
7.3.16 Oregon Stage Company (1866)
7.3.17 California Stage Company (1854-1866)
7.3.18 Western Stage Company (1854-1870)
7.3.19 Hinckley & Company (1860-1861)
7.3.20 Gilmer & Salisbury (1868)
7.3.21 Denver and Santa Fe Stage and Express Company (1867-1870)
7.4. The Transcontinental Telegraph (1861) ................................................................
8 Railroads ......................................................................................
8.2. Railroads routes
8.2.1 Saint-Louis-Kansas City (1865)
8.2.2 The Transcontinental railroad (1869)
8.2.3 Chicago-Omaha (1869)
8.2.4 Chicago-Kearny (1872)
8.2.5 Kansas City-Denver (1870)
8.2.6 Cheyenne-Denver (1870)
8.2.7 Denver-Ogden (1883)
8.2.8 Ogden-Portland (1884)
8.2.9 Chicago-New Orleans (1882)
8.2.10 New Orleans-San Francisco (1877-1883)
8.2.11 Saint Louis – Texarkana (1874)
8.2.12 Atchison-Santa Fe (1868-1880)
8.2.13 Texarkana – El paso (1881)
8.2.14 Albuquerque-Los Angeles (1887)
8.2.15 Duluth-Portland (1883)
8.2.16 Sacramento-Portland (1887)
9 Indians ........................................................................................
9.1. History ....................................................................................................
9.2. Culture ....................................................................................................
9.3. Daily life ..................................................................................................
9.4. The Office of Indian Affairs ...........................................................................
9.4.1 Organization
9.4.1.1 Agencies
9.4.1.2 Area Offices
9.4.1.3 Superintendencies
9.4.1.4 The Commissioner's Office
9.5. Indian territorry .........................................................................................
9.6. Plains Indian tribes ......................................................................................
9.6.1 Blackfoot
9.6.2 Gros Ventre
9.6.3 Assiniboine
9.6.4 Crow
9.6.5 Hidatsa, Arikara, Mandan
9.6.6 Sioux
9.6.7 Chippewa (Ojibwa)
9.6.8 Cheyenne
9.6.9 Pawnee
9.6.10 Arapaho
9.6.11 Comanche
9.6.12 Kiowa
9.6.13 Plain Apache
9.7. North/Central indian tribes .............................................................................
9.7.1 Nez Percés
9.7.3 Shoshone (eastern)
9.8. Great Basin Indian tribes ................................................................................
9.8.1 Bannock
9.8.2 Shoshone (Western and Northern)
9.8.3 Paiute
9.9. Southwest Indian tribes .................................................................................
9.9.1 Apache
9.9.2 Navajo
9.9.3 Pueblos
9.10. California Indian tribes ................................................................................
9.10.1 Mohave
9.11. Northwest Indian tribes ...............................................................................
9.11.1 Yakama
9.11.2 Modoc
9.12. Indian wars and conflicts ..............................................................................
9.12.1 Warriors
9.12.2 Localisation per present-day state
9.12.2.1 Washington
9.12.2.2 Oregon
9.12.2.3 Nevada
9.12.2.4 Idaho
9.12.2.5 Utah
9.12.2.6 Montana
9.12.2.8 Colorado
9.12.2.9 Minnesota
9.12.2.10 Dakota
9.12.2.11 Nebraska
9.12.2.12 Kansas
9.12.2.13 Indian territory
9.12.2.14 Texas
9.12.2.15 New Mexico – Arizona
9.12.2.16 California
9.12.3 Indian main battles
9.13. Indian treaties ..........................................................................................
9.13.1 History
9.13.2 Main treaties
9.14. Religions & ceremonials .................................................................................
9.14.1 Chaman and spirits
9.14.2 The sacred, ceremonial pipe
9.14.3 Powwow
9.14.4 The vision quest
9.14.5 The Totems
9.14.6 The Sun dance
9.14.7 The Ghost dance
10 US Army & Forts ............................................................................
10.1. Information ..............................................................................................
10.2. Soldiers life .............................................................................................
10.3. Forts .....................................................................................................
10.3.2 Forts in the Great Basin
10.3.3 Forts in the North-Central
10.3.4 Forts in the Southwest
10.3.5 Forts in California
10.3.6 Forts in the Northwest
11 Legends of the West .......................................................................
11.1. Indians legends ..........................................................................................
11.2. US Army legends .......................................................................................
11.3. Outlaws legends .........................................................................................
11.4. Unclassifiable legends ..................................................................................
11.5. The Presidents ..........................................................................................
12 Firearms .....................................................................................
12.1. Firearms history ........................................................................................
12.2. Revolvers technics ......................................................................................
12.2.2 Cap & Ball (1836)
12.2.3 Metallic Cartridge (1857)
12.2.4 Front-loading revolvers
12.2.5 Breech-loading revolvers
12.2.6 Conversion
12.2.8 Simple Action vs double action
12.3. Famous firearms ........................................................................................
1
9
9
11
11
13
13
15
16
16
18
21
21
22
22
24
24
25
25
25
25
26
26
28
29
29
30
31
31
30
32
33
34
32
34
36
37
37
38
38
38
38
38
36
39
40
40
40
39
39
39
39
40
44
44
46
47
48
49
54
54
61
61
61
61
62
62
62
62
62
63
63
63
63
63
64
64
64
64
64
65
65
65
66
66
67
70
71
71
71
71
73
73
73
74
74
74
74
74
75
75
75
75
75
75
76
76
76
76
77
77
78
78
78
79
79
79
79
79
79
80
80
80
80
81
81
81
82
82
84
84
84
85
85
85
85
85
86
86
86
86
87
87
88
88
89
90
90
91
91
91
91
91
92
93
96
98
99
100
101
102
104
105
108
109
111
113
115
116
119
120
122
123
125
126
128
129
132
135
137
138
140
141
143
144
144
144
145
145
146
147
148
149
150
153
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
163
167
168
169
169
170
175
175
175
176
176
176
176
176
177
177
177
178
94
94
94
94
94
94
185
185
187
188
190
191
193
193
194
194
194
195
195
196
196
196
197
197
Foreword
1 West Migration ......................................................................
1.1. History ............................................................................................
1.2. Trading posts .....................................................................................
1.3. Overland trails ....................................................................................
1.4. Ocean .............................................................................................
1.5. Outstanding facts.................................................................................
1.6. States and territories ...........................................................................
2 West Regions ........................................................................
2.1. The Plains .........................................................................................
2.2. The North/Central ................................................................................
2.3. The Great Basin ..................................................................................
2.4. The Southwest ....................................................................................
2.5. The California .....................................................................................
2.6. The Northwest ....................................................................................
3 West Wars ...........................................................................
3.1. Indian wars ........................................................................................
3.2. Civil war ...........................................................................................
3.3. Mexican war .......................................................................................
3.4. The Cart wars ....................................................................................
3.5. Range Wars & Fence Cutting Wars ..............................................................
4 The Trails ............................................................................
4.1. The Northern trails ..............................................................................
4.1.1 The Overland Oregon Trail
4.1.2 The Montana trails
4.1.2.1 The Bozeman and Bridger trails
4.1.2.2 The Montana trail
4.1.2.3 Local Montana trails to gold fields and towns
4.1.3 The Northern Overland Route
4.2. The California trails ..............................................................................
4.2.1 The Overland California trail
4.2.2 The Applegate trail
4.2.3 Trails to golds fields and towns
4.3. The Southern trails ..............................................................................
4.3.1 The Santa Fe/Southern trail
4.3.2 The Old Spanish trail
4.3.3 The Beale Wagon Road
4.3.4 El Camino Real de Tierra AdentroTrail
4.3.5 The Gila trail
4.3.6 The Apache Pass Trail
4.3.7 The Lower and Upper Emigrants Roads
4.3.8 Fort Smith – Santa Fe trail
4.3.9 Fort Smith – El Paso trail
4.4. The Central trails ................................................................................
4.4.1 The Mormon trail
4.4.2 The Cherokee trail
4.4.3 The Smoky Hill Trail
4.4.4 The Republican Fork Trail
5 Settlers ..............................................................................
5.1. Relationship with Indians .........................................................................
5.2. Wagon trains ......................................................................................
5.3. Land Acquisition ...................................................................................
5.4. Daily life ..........................................................................................
5.5. Miners .............................................................................................
5.6. Farmers ............................................................................................
5.7. Livestock farmer ..................................................................................
5.8. Cow-boys and horses .............................................................................
5.9. The justice ........................................................................................
5.10. The religions .....................................................................................
6 Towns & Mines .......................................................................
6.1. Towns ..............................................................................................
6.2. Famous Rushes & Mines...........................................................................
6.2.1 Sutter’s Mill Gold Rush, California (1848/1849)
6.2.2 Rogue River Valley Gold Rush, Southern Oregon (1851)
6.2.3 Colville river Gold Rush, Washington (Frazer River, Canada) (1855/1857)
6.2.4 Pike’s Peak gold rush, Colorado (1858/1861)
6.2.5 Virginia City (Comstock Lode), Nevada (1859)
6.2.6 Silverton, Colorado (1861 then 1874)
6.2.7 Idaho city, Boise Basin, Idaho (1862)
6.2.8 Bannack Grasshopper Creek, Montana (1862)
6.2.9 Virginia City Alder Gulch, Montana (1863)
6.2.10 Silver City, Idaho (1864)
6.2.11 Helena Last Chance Gulch, Montana (1864)
6.2.12 South Pass, Wyoming (1867)
6.2.13 Silver City, New Mexico (1870)
6.2.14 Deadwood gulch, South Dakota (1874)
6.2.15 Leadville, Colorado (1877)
6.2.16 Bodie, California (1876)
6.2.17 Tombstone, Arizona (1877)
6.2.18 St Elmo, Colorado (1878)
7 Mails, Passengers, Goods & Banking Services .....................................
7.1. History ...........................................................................................
7.2. Mail, Stage & Freight routes ....................................................................
7.2.1 Overland lines
7.2.1.1 The Southern route: St Louis/Memphis - San Francisco (1858-1861)
7.2.1.2 The Northern route: St Joseph – Salt lake City - San Francisco (1858)
7.2.1.3 New-York - New-Orleans - Isthmus of Panama – California (1848)
7.2.1.4 York – Fort Vancouver (?-?)
7.2.2 Main local lines
7.2.2.1 Independance/Kansas City – Santa Fe (1850)
7.2.2.2 Leavenworth - Denver (1859-1868)
7.2.2.3 Atchison - Denver (1865-1870)
7.2.2.4 Denver – Pueblo – (Trinidad) - (Santa Fe) (1867)
7.2.2.5 Cheyenne – Deadwood (1876-1886)
7.2.2.6 Neosho - Albuquerque (1858-1859)
7.2.2.7 Salt-lake City – Boise - WallaWalla/Umatilla – The Dalles (1864)
7.2.2.8 Salt lake City - Virginia City (1864)
7.2.2.9 Salt lake City – Bannack City (1864)
7.2.2.10 Virginia City – Helena (1865)
7.2.2.11 Fort AberCrombie – Helena (1867-1868)
7.2.2.12 Sacramento - Portland (1861)
7.3. Famous Express Companies ......................................................................
7.3.1 Hudson's Bay Company (1825-1854)
7.3.2 The U.S. Mail Steamship Company (1848)
7.3.3 Chorpenning & Woodward Cie (1851-1860)
7.3.4 Hockaday & Company (1858-1859)
7.3.5 Leavenworth & Pike's Peak Express Company (1859-1860)
7.3.6 Russell, Majors and Waddell company (1854-1862)
7.3.7 Central Overland California and Pike’s Peak Express (1859-1862)
7.3.8 Pony Express (1860-1861)
7.3.9 The Holladay Overland Mail and Express Company (1858-1866)
7.3.10 The Butterfield Overland Mail Company (1858-1860)
7.3.11 Wells, Fargo & Co (1852)
7.3.12 Barlow & Sanderson Company (1862-1884)
7.3.13 A. J. Oliver & Co’s Bannack & Salt Lake Express Company (1862-1866)
7.3.14 Butterfield Overland Despatch Company (1865-1866)
7.3.15 Frank Yates and Company (1876-1886)
7.3.16 Oregon Stage Company (1866)
7.3.17 California Stage Company (1854-1866)
7.3.18 Western Stage Company (1854-1870)
7.3.19 Hinckley & Company (1860-1861)
7.3.20 Gilmer & Salisbury (1868)
7.3.21 Denver and Santa Fe Stage and Express Company (1867-1870)
7.4. The Transcontinental Telegraph (1861) .........................................................
8 Railroads .............................................................................
8.2. Railroads routes
8.2.1 Saint-Louis-Kansas City (1865)
8.2.2 The Transcontinental railroad (1869)
8.2.3 Chicago-Omaha (1869)
8.2.4 Chicago-Kearny (1872)
8.2.5 Kansas City-Denver (1870)
8.2.6 Cheyenne-Denver (1870)
8.2.7 Denver-Ogden (1883)
8.2.8 Ogden-Portland (1884)
8.2.9 Chicago-New Orleans (1882)
8.2.10 New Orleans-San Francisco (1877-1883)
8.2.11 Saint Louis – Texarkana (1874)
8.2.12 Atchison-Santa Fe (1868-1880)
8.2.13 Texarkana – El paso (1881)
8.2.14 Albuquerque-Los Angeles (1887)
8.2.15 Duluth-Portland (1883)
8.2.16 Sacramento-Portland (1887)
9 Indians ...............................................................................
9.1. History ............................................................................................
9.2. Culture .............................................................................................
9.3. Daily life ..........................................................................................
9.4. The Office of Indian Affairs ....................................................................
9.4.1 Organization
9.4.1.1 Agencies
9.4.1.2 Area Offices
9.4.1.3 Superintendencies
9.4.1.4 The Commissioner's Office
9.5. Indian territorry ..................................................................................
9.6. Plains Indian tribes ...............................................................................
9.6.1 Blackfoot
9.6.2 Gros Ventre
9.6.3 Assiniboine
9.6.4 Crow
9.6.5 Hidatsa, Arikara, Mandan
9.6.6 Sioux
9.6.7 Chippewa (Ojibwa)
9.6.8 Cheyenne
9.6.9 Pawnee
9.6.10 Arapaho
9.6.11 Comanche
9.6.12 Kiowa
9.6.13 Plain Apache
9.7. North/Central indian tribes ......................................................................
9.7.1 Nez Percés
9.7.3 Shoshone (eastern)
9.8. Great Basin Indian tribes ........................................................................
9.8.1 Bannock
9.8.2 Shoshone (Western and Northern)
9.8.3 Paiute
9.9. Southwest Indian tribes ..........................................................................
9.9.1 Apache
9.9.2 Navajo
9.9.3 Pueblos
9.10. California Indian tribes .........................................................................
9.10.1 Mohave
9.11. Northwest Indian tribes ........................................................................
9.11.1 Yakama
9.11.2 Modoc
9.12. Indian wars and conflicts .......................................................................
9.12.1 Warriors
9.12.2 Localisation per present-day state
9.12.2.1 Washington
9.12.2.2 Oregon
9.12.2.3 Nevada
9.12.2.4 Idaho
9.12.2.5 Utah
9.12.2.6 Montana
9.12.2.8 Colorado
9.12.2.9 Minnesota
9.12.2.10 Dakota
9.12.2.11 Nebraska
9.12.2.12 Kansas
9.12.2.13 Indian territory
9.12.2.14 Texas
9.12.2.15 New Mexico – Arizona
9.12.2.16 California
9.12.3 Indian main battles
9.13. Indian treaties ..................................................................................
9.13.1 History
9.13.2 Main treaties
9.14. Religions & ceremonials .........................................................................
9.14.1 Chaman and spirits
9.14.2 The sacred, ceremonial pipe
9.14.3 Powwow
9.14.4 The vision quest
9.14.5 The Totems
9.14.6 The Sun dance
9.14.7 The Ghost dance
10 US Army & Forts ...................................................................
10.1. Information ......................................................................................
10.2. Soldiers life .....................................................................................
10.3. Forts .............................................................................................
10.3.2 Forts in the Great Basin
10.3.3 Forts in the North-Central
10.3.4 Forts in the Southwest
10.3.5 Forts in California
10.3.6 Forts in the Northwest
11 Legends of the West ..............................................................
11.1. Indians legends .................................................................................
11.2. US Army legends ................................................................................
11.3. Outlaws legends .................................................................................
11.4. Unclassifiable legends ...........................................................................
11.5. The Presidents ...................................................................................
12 Firearms ............................................................................
12.1. Firearms history ................................................................................
12.2. Revolvers technics ...............................................................................
12.2.2 Cap & Ball (1836)
12.2.3 Metallic Cartridge (1857)
12.2.4 Front-loading revolvers
12.2.5 Breech-loading revolvers
12.2.6 Conversion
12.2.8 Simple Action vs double action
12.3. Famous firearms ................................................................................
1
9
9
11
11
13
13
15
16
16
18
21
21
22
22
24
24
25
25
25
25
26
26
28
29
29
30
31
31
30
32
33
34
32
34
36
37
37
38
38
38
38
38
36
39
40
40
40
39
39
39
39
40
44
44
46
47
48
49
54
54
61
61
61
61
62
62
62
62
62
63
63
63
63
63
64
64
64
64
64
65
65
65
66
66
67
70
71
71
71
71
73
73
73
74
74
74
74
74
75
75
75
75
75
75
76
76
76
76
77
77
78
78
78
79
79
79
79
79
79
80
80
80
80
81
81
81
82
82
84
84
84
85
85
85
85
85
86
86
86
86
87
87
88
88
89
90
90
91
91
91
91
91
92
93
96
98
99
100
101
102
104
105
108
109
111
113
115
116
119
120
122
123
125
126
128
129
132
135
137
138
140
141
143
144
144
144
145
145
146
147
148
149
150
153
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
163
167
168
169
169
170
175
175
175
176
176
176
176
176
177
177
177
178
94
94
94
94
94
94
185
185
187
188
190
191
193
193
194
194
194
195
195
196
196
196
197
197
Foreword
1 West Migration ...............................................
1.1. History ................................................................
1.2. Trading posts .........................................................
1.3. Overland trails .......................................................
1.4 Ocean..................................................................
1.5. Outstanding facts.....................................................
1.6. States and territories ...............................................
2 West Regions .................................................
2.1. The Plains .............................................................
2.2. The North/Central ...................................................
2.3. The Great Basin ......................................................
2.4. The Southwest ........................................................
2.5. The California ........................................................
2.6. The Northwest .......................................................
3 West Wars ...................................................
3.1. Indian wars ...........................................................
3.2. Civil war ...............................................................
3.3. Mexican war ..........................................................
3.4. The Cart wars .......................................................
3.5. Range Wars & Fence Cutting Wars .................................
4 The Trails .....................................................
4.1. The Northern trails ..................................................
4.1.1 The Overland Oregon Trail
4.1.2 The Montana trails
4.1.2.1 The Bozeman and Bridger trails
4.1.2.2 The Montana trail
4.1.2.3 Local Montana trails to gold fields and towns
4.1.3 The Northern Overland Route
4.2. The California trails ..................................................
4.2.1 The Overland California trail
4.2.2 The Applegate trail
4.2.3 Trails to golds fields and towns
4.3. The Southern trails ..................................................
4.3.1 The Santa Fe/Southern trail
4.3.2 The Old Spanish trail
4.3.3 The Beale Wagon Road
4.3.4 El Camino Real de Tierra AdentroTrail
4.3.5 The Gila trail
4.3.6 The Apache Pass Trail
4.3.7 The Lower and Upper Emigrants Roads
4.3.8 Fort Smith – Santa Fe trail
4.3.9 Fort Smith – El Paso trail
4.4. The Central trails ....................................................
4.4.1 The Mormon trail
4.4.2 The Cherokee trail
4.4.3 The Smoky Hill Trail
4.4.4 The Republican Fork Trail
5 Settlers .......................................................
5.1. Relationship with Indians ............................................
5.2. Wagon trains .........................................................
5.3. Land Acquisition ......................................................
5.4. Daily life ..............................................................
5.5. Miners .................................................................
5.6. Farmers ...............................................................
5.7. Livestock farmer .....................................................
5.8. Cow-boys and horses ................................................
5.9. The justice ...........................................................
5.10. The religions .........................................................
6 Towns & Mines ................................................
6.1. Towns .................................................................
6.2. Famous Rushes & Mines...............................................
6.2.1 Sutter’s Mill Gold Rush, California (1848/1849)
6.2.2 Rogue River Valley Gold Rush, Southern Oregon (1851)
6.2.3 Colville river Gold Rush, Washington (Frazer River, Canada) (1855/1857)
6.2.4 Pike’s Peak gold rush, Colorado (1858/1861)
6.2.5 Virginia City (Comstock Lode), Nevada (1859)
6.2.6 Silverton, Colorado (1861 then 1874)
6.2.7 Idaho city, Boise Basin, Idaho (1862)
6.2.8 Bannack Grasshopper Creek, Montana (1862)
6.2.9 Virginia City Alder Gulch, Montana (1863)
6.2.10 Silver City, Idaho (1864)
6.2.11 Helena Last Chance Gulch, Montana (1864)
6.2.12 South Pass, Wyoming (1867)
6.2.13 Silver City, New Mexico (1870)
6.2.14 Deadwood gulch, South Dakota (1874)
6.2.15 Leadville, Colorado (1877)
6.2.16 Bodie, California (1876)
6.2.17 Tombstone, Arizona (1877)
6.2.18 St Elmo, Colorado (1878)
7 Mails, Passengers, Goods & Banking Services ..............
7.1. History ................................................................
7.2. Mail, Stage & Freight routes ........................................
7.2.1 Overland lines
7.2.1.1 The Southern route: St Louis/Memphis - San Francisco (1858-1861)
7.2.1.2 The Northern route: St Joseph–Salt lake City-San Francisco (1858)
7.2.1.3 New-York - New-Orleans - Isthmus of Panama – California (1848)
7.2.1.4 York – Fort Vancouver (?-?)
7.2.2 Main local lines
7.2.2.1 Independance/Kansas City – Santa Fe (1850)
7.2.2.2 Leavenworth - Denver (1859-1868)
7.2.2.3 Atchison - Denver (1865-1870)
7.2.2.4 Denver – Pueblo – (Trinidad) - (Santa Fe) (1867)
7.2.2.5 Cheyenne – Deadwood (1876-1886)
7.2.2.6 Neosho - Albuquerque (1858-1859)
7.2.2.7 Salt-lake City – Boise - WallaWalla/Umatilla – The Dalles (1864)
7.2.2.8 Salt lake City - Virginia City (1864)
7.2.2.9 Salt lake City – Bannack City (1864)
7.2.2.10 Virginia City – Helena (1865)
7.2.2.11 Fort AberCrombie – Helena (1867-1868)
7.2.2.12 Sacramento - Portland (1861)
7.3. Famous Express Companies .........................................
7.3.1 Hudson's Bay Company (1825-1854)
7.3.2 The U.S. Mail Steamship Company (1848)
7.3.3 Chorpenning & Woodward Cie (1851-1860)
7.3.4 Hockaday & Company (1858-1859)
7.3.5 Leavenworth & Pike's Peak Express Company (1859-1860)
7.3.6 Russell, Majors and Waddell company (1854-1862)
7.3.7 Central Overland California and Pike’s Peak Express (1859-1862)
7.3.8 Pony Express (1860-1861)
7.3.9 The Holladay Overland Mail and Express Company (1858-1866)
7.3.10 The Butterfield Overland Mail Company (1858-1860)
7.3.11 Wells, Fargo & Co (1852)
7.3.12 Barlow & Sanderson Company (1862-1884)
7.3.13 A. J. Oliver & Co’s Bannack & Salt Lake Express Company (1862-1866)
7.3.14 Butterfield Overland Despatch Company (1865-1866)
7.3.15 Frank Yates and Company (1876-1886)
7.3.16 Oregon Stage Company (1866)
7.3.17 California Stage Company (1854-1866)
7.3.18 Western Stage Company (1854-1870)
7.3.19 Hinckley & Company (1860-1861)
7.3.20 Gilmer & Salisbury (1868)
7.3.21 Denver and Santa Fe Stage and Express Company (1867-1870)
7.4. The Transcontinental Telegraph (1861) ..........................
8 Railroads .....................................................
8.2. Railroads routes
8.2.1 Saint-Louis-Kansas City (1865)
8.2.2 The Transcontinental railroad (1869)
8.2.3 Chicago-Omaha (1869)
8.2.4 Chicago-Kearny (1872)
8.2.5 Kansas City-Denver (1870)
8.2.6 Cheyenne-Denver (1870)
8.2.7 Denver-Ogden (1883)
8.2.8 Ogden-Portland (1884)
8.2.9 Chicago-New Orleans (1882)
8.2.10 New Orleans-San Francisco (1877-1883)
8.2.11 Saint Louis – Texarkana (1874)
8.2.12 Atchison-Santa Fe (1868-1880)
8.2.13 Texarkana – El paso (1881)
8.2.14 Albuquerque-Los Angeles (1887)
8.2.15 Duluth-Portland (1883)
8.2.16 Sacramento-Portland (1887)
9 Indians ........................................................
9.1. History ...............................................................
9.2. Culture ...............................................................
9.3. Daily life .............................................................
9.4. The Office of Indian Affairs .......................................
9.4.1 Organization
9.4.1.1 Agencies
9.4.1.2 Area Offices
9.4.1.3 Superintendencies
9.4.1.4 The Commissioner's Office
9.5. Indian territorry ....................................................
9.6. Plains Indian tribes ..................................................
9.6.1 Blackfoot
9.6.2 Gros Ventre
9.6.3 Assiniboine
9.6.4 Crow
9.6.5 Hidatsa, Arikara, Mandan
9.6.6 Sioux
9.6.7 Chippewa (Ojibwa)
9.6.8 Cheyenne
9.6.9 Pawnee
9.6.10 Arapaho
9.6.11 Comanche
9.6.12 Kiowa
9.6.13 Plain Apache
9.7. North/Central indian tribes .........................................
9.7.1 Nez Percés
9.7.3 Shoshone (eastern)
9.8. Great Basin Indian tribes ............................................
9.8.1 Bannock
9.8.2 Shoshone (Western and Northern)
9.8.3 Paiute
9.9. Southwest Indian tribes .............................................
9.9.1 Apache
9.9.2 Navajo
9.9.3 Pueblos
9.10. California Indian tribes .............................................
9.10.1 Mohave
9.11. Northwest Indian tribes ...........................................
9.11.1 Yakama
9.11.2 Modoc
9.12. Indian wars and conflicts ...........................................
9.12.1 Warriors
9.12.2 Localisation per present-day state
9.12.2.1 Washington
9.12.2.2 Oregon
9.12.2.3 Nevada
9.12.2.4 Idaho
9.12.2.5 Utah
9.12.2.6 Montana
9.12.2.8 Colorado
9.12.2.9 Minnesota
9.12.2.10 Dakota
9.12.2.11 Nebraska
9.12.2.12 Kansas
9.12.2.13 Indian territory
9.12.2.14 Texas
9.12.2.15 New Mexico – Arizona
9.12.2.16 California
9.12.3 Indian main battles
9.13. Indian treaties .....................................................
9.13.1 History
9.13.2 Main treaties
9.14. Religions & ceremonials .............................................
9.14.1 Chaman and spirits
9.14.2 The sacred, ceremonial pipe
9.14.3 Powwow
9.14.4 The vision quest
9.14.5 The Totems
9.14.6 The Sun dance
9.14.7 The Ghost dance
10 US Army & Forts ...........................................
10.1. Information .........................................................
10.2. Soldiers life .........................................................
10.3. Forts ................................................................
10.3.2 Forts in the Great Basin
10.3.3 Forts in the North-Central
10.3.4 Forts in the Southwest
10.3.5 Forts in California
10.3.6 Forts in the Northwest
11 Legends of the West .......................................
11.1. Indians legends ......................................................
11.2. US Army legends ...................................................
11.3. Outlaws legends ....................................................
11.4. Unclassifiable legends .............................................
11.5. The Presidents ......................................................
12 Firearms .....................................................
12.1. Firearms history ....................................................
12.2. Revolvers technics ..................................................
12.2.2 Cap & Ball (1836)
12.2.3 Metallic Cartridge (1857)
12.2.4 Front-loading revolvers
12.2.5 Breech-loading revolvers
12.2.6 Conversion
12.2.8 Simple Action vs double action
12.3. Famous firearms ....................................................
1
9
9
11
11
13
13
15
16
16
18
21
21
22
22
24
24
25
25
25
25
26
26
28
29
29
30
31
31
30
32
33
34
32
34
36
37
37
38
38
38
38
38
36
39
40
40
40
39
39
39
39
40
44
44
46
47
48
49
54
54
61
61
61
61
62
62
62
62
62
63
63
63
63
63
64
64
64
64
64
65
65
65
66
66
67
70
71
71
71
71
73
73
73
74
74
74
74
74
75
75
75
75
75
75
76
76
76
76
77
77
78
78
78
79
79
79
79
79
79
80
80
80
80
81
81
81
82
82
84
84
84
85
85
85
85
85
86
86
86
86
87
87
88
88
89
90
90
91
91
91
91
91
92
93
96
98
99
100
101
102
104
105
108
109
111
113
115
116
119
120
122
123
125
126
128
129
132
135
137
138
140
141
143
144
144
144
145
145
146
147
148
149
150
153
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
163
167
168
169
169
170
175
175
175
176
176
176
176
176
177
177
177
178
94
94
94
94
94
94
185
185
187
188
190
191
193
193
194
194
194
195
195
196
196
196
197
197
Foreword
1 West Migration
1.2. Trading posts
1.3. Overland trails
1.4. Ocean
1.5. Outstanding facts
1.6. States and territories
2.2. The North/Central
2.3. The Great Basin
2.4. The Southwest
2.5. The California
2.6. The Northwest
3 West Wars
3.2. Civil war
3.3. Mexican war
3.4. The Cart wars
3.5. Range Wars & Fence Cutting Wars
4 The Trails
4.1.1 The Overland Oregon Trail
4.1.2 The Montana trails
4.1.2.1 The Bozeman and Bridger trails
4.1.2.2 The Montana trail
4.1.2.3 Local Montana trails to gold fields and towns
4.1.3 The Northern Overland Route
4.2. The California trails
4.2.1 The Overland California trail
4.2.2 The Applegate trail
4.2.3 Trails to golds fields and towns
4.3. The Southern trails
4.3.1 The Santa Fe/Southern trail
4.3.2 The Old Spanish trail
4.3.3 The Beale Wagon Road
4.3.4 El Camino Real de Tierra AdentroTrail
4.3.5 The Gila trail
4.3.6 The Apache Pass Trail
4.3.7 The Lower and Upper Emigrants Roads
4.3.8 Fort Smith – Santa Fe trail
4.3.9 Fort Smith – El Paso trail
4.4. The Central trails
4.4.1 The Mormon trail
4.4.2 The Cherokee trail
4.4.3 The Smoky Hill Trail
4.4.4 The Republican Fork Trail
5 Settlers
5.1. Relationship with Indians
5.2. Wagon trains
5.3. Land Acquisition
5.5. Miners
5.6. Farmers
5.7. Livestock farmer
5.8. Cow-boys and horses
5.9. The justice
5.10. The religions
6 Towns & Mines
6.2. Famous Rushes & Mines
6.2.1 Sutter’s Mill Gold Rush, California (1848/1849)
6.2.2 Rogue River Valley Gold Rush, Southern Oregon (1851)
6.2.3 Colville river Gold Rush, Washington (Frazer River, Canada) (1855/1857)
6.2.4 Pike’s Peak gold rush, Colorado (1858/1861)
6.2.5 Virginia City (Comstock Lode), Nevada (1859)
6.2.6 Silverton, Colorado (1861 then 1874)
6.2.7 Idaho city, Boise Basin, Idaho (1862)
6.2.8 Bannack Grasshopper Creek, Montana (1862)
6.2.9 Virginia City Alder Gulch, Montana (1863)
6.2.10 Silver City, Idaho (1864)
6.2.11 Helena Last Chance Gulch, Montana (1864)
6.2.12 South Pass, Wyoming (1867)
6.2.13 Silver City, New Mexico (1870)
6.2.14 Deadwood gulch, South Dakota (1874)
6.2.15 Leadville, Colorado (1877)
6.2.16 Bodie, California (1876)
6.2.17 Tombstone, Arizona (1877)
6.2.18 St Elmo, Colorado (1878)
7 Mails, Passengers, Goods & Banking Services
7.2. Mail, Stage & Freight routes
7.2.1 Overland lines
7.2.1.1 The Southern route: St Louis/Memphis - San Francisco (1858-1861)
7.2.1.2 The Northern route: St Joseph – Salt lake City - San Francisco (1858)
7.2.1.3 New-York - New-Orleans - Isthmus of Panama – California (1848)
7.2.1.4 York – Fort Vancouver (?-?)
7.2.2 Main local lines
7.2.2.1 Independance/Kansas City – Santa Fe (1850)
7.2.2.2 Leavenworth - Denver (1859-1868)
7.2.2.3 Atchison - Denver (1865-1870)
7.2.2.4 Denver – Pueblo – (Trinidad) - (Santa Fe) (1867)
7.2.2.5 Cheyenne – Deadwood (1876-1886)
7.2.2.6 Neosho - Albuquerque (1858-1859)
7.2.2.7 Salt-lake City – Boise - WallaWalla/Umatilla – The Dalles (1864)
7.2.2.8 Salt lake City - Virginia City (1864)
7.2.2.9 Salt lake City – Bannack City (1864)
7.2.2.10 Virginia City – Helena (1865)
7.2.2.11 Fort AberCrombie – Helena (1867-1868)
7.2.2.12 Sacramento - Portland (1861)
7.3. Famous Express Companies
7.3.1 Hudson's Bay Company (1825-1854)
7.3.2 The U.S. Mail Steamship Company (1848)
7.3.3 Chorpenning & Woodward Cie (1851-1860)
7.3.4 Hockaday & Company (1858-1859)
7.3.5 Leavenworth & Pike's Peak Express Company (1859-1860)
7.3.6 Russell, Majors and Waddell company (1854-1862)
7.3.7 Central Overland California and Pike’s Peak Express (1859-1862)
7.3.8 Pony Express (1860-1861)
7.3.9 The Holladay Overland Mail and Express Company (1858-1866)
7.3.10 The Butterfield Overland Mail Company (1858-1860)
7.3.11 Wells, Fargo & Co (1852)
7.3.12 Barlow & Sanderson Company (1862-1884)
7.3.13 A. J. Oliver & Co’s Bannack & Salt Lake Express Company (1862-1866)
7.3.14 Butterfield Overland Despatch Company (1865-1866)
7.3.15 Frank Yates and Company (1876-1886)
7.3.16 Oregon Stage Company (1866)
7.3.17 California Stage Company (1854-1866)
7.3.18 Western Stage Company (1854-1870)
7.3.19 Hinckley & Company (1860-1861)
7.3.20 Gilmer & Salisbury (1868)
7.3.21 Denver and Santa Fe Stage and Express Company (1867-1870)
7.4. The Transcontinental Telegraph
8 Railroads
8.2. Railroads routes
8.2.1 Saint-Louis-Kansas City (1865)
8.2.2 The Transcontinental railroad (1869)
8.2.3 Chicago-Omaha (1869)
8.2.4 Chicago-Kearny (1872)
8.2.5 Kansas City-Denver (1870)
8.2.6 Cheyenne-Denver (1870)
8.2.7 Denver-Ogden (1883)
8.2.8 Ogden-Portland (1884)
8.2.9 Chicago-New Orleans (1882)
8.2.10 New Orleans-San Francisco (1877-1883)
8.2.11 Saint Louis – Texarkana (1874)
8.2.12 Atchison-Santa Fe (1868-1880)
8.2.13 Texarkana – El paso (1881)
8.2.14 Albuquerque-Los Angeles (1887)
8.2.15 Duluth-Portland (1883)
8.2.16 Sacramento-Portland (1887)
9 Indians
9.3. Daily life
9.4. The Office of Indian Affairs
9.4.1 Organization
9.4.1.1 Agencies
9.4.1.2 Area Offices
9.4.1.3 Superintendencies
9.4.1.4 The Commissioner's Office
9.5. Indian territorry
9.6. Plains Indian tribes
9.6.1 Blackfoot
9.6.2 Gros Ventre
9.6.3 Assiniboine
9.6.4 Crow
9.6.5 Hidatsa, Arikara, Mandan
9.6.6 Sioux
9.6.7 Chippewa (Ojibwa)
9.6.8 Cheyenne
9.6.9 Pawnee
9.6.10 Arapaho
9.6.11 Comanche
9.6.12 Kiowa
9.6.13 Plain Apache
9.7. North/Central indian tribes
9.7.1 Nez Percés
9.7.3 Shoshone (eastern)
9.8. Great Basin Indian tribes
9.8.1 Bannock
9.8.2 Shoshone (Western and Northern)
9.8.3 Paiute
9.9. Southwest Indian tribes
9.9.1 Apache
9.9.2 Navajo
9.9.3 Pueblos
9.10. California Indian tribes
9.10.1 Mohave
9.11. Northwest Indian tribes
9.11.1 Yakama
9.11.2 Modoc
9.12. Indian wars and conflicts
9.12.1 Warriors
9.12.2 Localisation per present-day state
9.12.2.1 Washington
9.12.2.2 Oregon
9.12.2.3 Nevada
9.12.2.4 Idaho
9.12.2.5 Utah
9.12.2.6 Montana
9.12.2.8 Colorado
9.12.2.9 Minnesota
9.12.2.10 Dakota
9.12.2.11 Nebraska
9.12.2.12 Kansas
9.12.2.13 Indian territory
9.12.2.14 Texas
9.12.2.15 New Mexico – Arizona
9.12.2.16 California
9.12.3 Indian main battles
9.13. Indian treaties
9.13.1 History
9.13.2 Main treaties
9.14. Religions & ceremonials
9.14.1 Chaman and spirits
9.14.2 The sacred, ceremonial pipe
9.14.3 Powwow
9.14.4 The vision quest
9.14.5 The Totems
9.14.6 The Sun dance
9.14.7 The Ghost dance
10 US Army & Forts
10.1. Information
10.2. Soldiers life
10.3.2 Forts in the Great Basin
10.3.3 Forts in the North-Central
10.3.4 Forts in the Southwest
10.3.5 Forts in California
10.3.6 Forts in the Northwest
11 Legends of the West
11.3. Outlaws legends
11.4. Unclassifiable legends
11.5. The Presidents
12 Firearms
12.1. Firearms history
12.2. Revolvers technics
12.2.2 Cap & Ball (1836)
12.2.3 Metallic Cartridge (1857)
12.2.4 Front-loading revolvers
12.2.5 Breech-loading revolvers
12.2.6 Conversion
12.2.8 Simple Action vs double action
12.3. Famous firearms
1
9
9
11
11
13
13
15
16
16
18
21
21
22
22
24
24
25
25
25
25
26
26
28
29
29
30
31
31
30
32
33
34
32
34
36
37
37
38
38
38
38
38
36
39
40
40
40
39
39
39
39
40
44
44
46
47
48
49
54
54
61
61
61
61
62
62
62
62
62
63
63
63
63
63
64
64
64
64
64
65
65
65
66
66
67
70
71
71
71
71
73
73
73
74
74
74
74
74
75
75
75
75
75
75
76
76
76
76
77
77
78
78
78
79
79
79
79
79
79
80
80
80
80
81
81
81
82
82
84
84
84
85
85
85
85
85
86
86
86
86
87
87
88
88
89
90
90
91
91
91
91
91
92
93
96
98
99
100
101
102
104
105
108
109
111
113
115
116
119
120
122
123
125
126
128
129
132
135
137
138
140
141
143
144
144
144
145
145
146
147
148
149
150
153
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
163
167
168
169
169
170
175
175
175
176
176
176
176
176
177
177
177
178
94
94
94
94
94
94
185
185
187
188
190
191
193
193
194
194
194
195
195
196
196
196
197
197